New Energy Vehicle Cooling System

New energy vehicle cooling system: "direct cooling + water cooling" will become the main direction of development.The new energy power battery has three cooling modes: air cooling, water cooling and direct cooling. In the air cooling mode, the cooling system USES natural wind or fan to cool down the battery with the car's own evaporator. In the water-cooling mode, the radiator is generally coupled with the refrigeration cycle system, and the heat of the battery is carried away by the refrigerant. In direct cooling mode, the cooling system USES the principle of latent heat of refrigerant evaporation to establish an air conditioning system in the vehicle or battery system. The evaporator of the air conditioning system is installed in the battery system. The refrigerant evaporates in the evaporator and quickly and efficiently takes away the heat of the battery system, thus completing the cooling of the battery system.



Air cooling technology
Air cooling technology is widely used in new energy power batteries. Forced airflow can be generated by fans, or by head-on wind or compressed air as the car travels. Compared with other technologies, air cooling technology is relatively simple, safe and convenient to maintain.Toyota's hybrid electric vehicle Prius and Honda's Insight all adopt the form of air cooling, while nissan, general motors and other automobile companies mainly adopt the form of forced air cooling for the thermal management system.
All kinds of new energy power batteries in China basically adopt air cooling technology, and the domestic technology is basically equivalent to the foreign technology, which can achieve good heat dissipation performance at low cost.
Compared with liquid cooling technology, the heat exchange coefficient between air cooling technology and battery surface is low, the cooling and heating speed is slow, the internal temperature uniformity of battery box is not easy to control, the sealing design of battery box is difficult, and the dustproof and waterproof effect is poor.

Water cooling technology
Water-cooled heat dissipation system mainly includes: electronic water pump, heat exchanger, battery heat sink, PTC heater, expansion water tank.
Water cooling technology is based on liquid heat exchange cooling technology, more efficient than air cooling technology, electric vehicle battery pack internal temperature is more uniform, and can be integrated with the vehicle's cooling system, with high heat exchange coefficient between the battery wall, cooling, heating speed. However, the system using water cooling technology is more complex, heavy, difficult to repair and maintain, and there is the possibility of leakage.
The water cooling technology was studied earlier and applied for a long time abroad. With continuous exploration, practice and improvement, the heat exchange coefficient and cooling and heating speed of the system have reached a good level. Moreover, the weight of the water cooling system in foreign countries has also been reduced through the application of new materials.
At present, water cooling technology is mainly used in car brands such as tesla, gm Volt, psa Peugeot Citroen and BMW i3. The tesla Model S USES water-cooling technology to cool its batteries.Tesla has carried out a very in-depth design on its battery arrangement, thermal management system and battery management system to ensure that each battery unit is under supervision and its status data can be fed back and processed at any time.For a single battery unit with small volume, tesla enclosures it in a steel compartment independently. At the same time, the liquid cooling system can be specific to cool each battery unit, reducing the temperature difference between each other and reducing the risk of spontaneous combustion of the battery.

In recent years, with the continuous progress of new energy power battery cooling system technology in China, water-cooled products are gradually replacing air-cooled products

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